Let’s explore “How to read a laboratory report”

…L Male: Common cutoff ≤4.0 Female: Not applicable How to read this marker No single normal cutoff fits every patient. Ask your clinician to use age, baseline, trend, prostate size, risk factors, and shared decision-making. The wider tes…

…e, not a fixed normal range Female: Not applicable How to read this marker Often used when total PSA is in an indeterminate zone. Ask your clinician to use the performing-lab risk table. The wider testing context Age, prostate health, sy…

…pecific Male: Lab-specific Female: Not applicable How to read this marker Method-specific. Clarify its role in hair, prostate, androgen therapy, or enzyme questions. The wider testing context Age, prostate health, symptoms, medicines, i…

…L Male: Age/assay-specific Female: Not applicable How to read this marker May assist selected fertility evaluations; not a routine wellness marker. The wider testing context Age, prostate health, symptoms, medicines, infection, recent p…

…ale: <2 to <5, lab-specific Female: Not applicable How to read this marker Ask your clinician to use exact assay cutoff and clinical indication. The wider testing context Age, prostate health, symptoms, medicines, infection, recent proce…

…ference range Unit: µg/dL Male: 7-25 Female: 7-25 How to read this marker Collect at a defined time. Assay-specific; dynamic testing may be required. The wider testing context For some hormone tests, the time of day, your position, fast…

…ference range Unit: µg/dL Male: 2-14 Female: 2-14 How to read this marker Time-specific and assay-specific. The wider testing context For some hormone tests, the time of day, your position, fasting, stress, sleep, medicines, and kidney …

…nce range Unit: pg/mL Male: 7.2-63 Female: 7.2-63 How to read this marker Your clinician may request a morning sample, collected and handled in a particular way, alongside a cortisol test. The wider testing context For some hormone test…

…cific; Z -2 to +2 Female: Age-specific; Z -2 to +2 How to read this marker Age, sex, nutrition, liver disease, diabetes, and assay matter. The wider testing context For some hormone tests, the time of day, your position, fasting, stress,…

…gnostically fixed Female: Not diagnostically fixed How to read this marker Pulsatile secretion makes random GH difficult to interpret; stimulation/suppression testing may be needed. The wider testing context For some hormone tests, the t…

…ime/lab-specific Female: Posture/time/lab-specific How to read this marker Sodium intake, posture, potassium, time, medications, and renin method are essential. The wider testing context For some hormone tests, the time of day, your posi…

…ime/lab-specific Female: Posture/time/lab-specific How to read this marker Direct renin and plasma renin activity are not interchangeable. The wider testing context For some hormone tests, the time of day, your position, fasting, stress,…