…d. Symptoms are not evidence that you need this supplement.
Food sources
Olive oil, avocados and many nuts contain oleic acid.
Supplement forms
Oleic-acid-rich foods and mixed oil products; the family name alone does not identify a formulat…
…Fatigue or stress alone does not establish a B5 deficiency.
Food sources
Meat; eggs; mushrooms; avocado; whole grains.
Supplement forms
Calcium pantothenate and pantethine are different preparations.
What to track and reassess
Check duplica…
…rption and the clinical setting with a qualified clinician.
Food sources
Protein foods such as eggs, fish, poultry, meat, dairy, soy and legumes supply amino acids. The body also makes some amino acids.
Supplement forms
L-phenylalanine diff…
…d. Symptoms are not evidence that you need this supplement.
Food sources
Black pepper.
Supplement forms
Piperine is concentrated black-pepper extract and can change exposure to other compounds; it should be included in medication review.
Wh…
…d. Symptoms are not evidence that you need this supplement.
Food sources
Pomegranate arils and juice.
Supplement forms
Pomegranate fruit, juice and concentrated extracts have different nutritional profiles.
What to track and reassess
If you…
…ased salt substitutes solely from muscle cramps or fatigue.
Food sources
Potatoes; beans; lentils; yogurt; vegetables; fruit.
Supplement forms
Potassium chloride and potassium citrate.
What to track and reassess
Ask whether blood testing is…
…d. Symptoms are not evidence that you need this supplement.
Food sources
Small amounts have been reported in various foods; a human dietary requirement has not been established.
Supplement forms
PQQ is sold alone or with other mitochondrial…
…d. Symptoms are not evidence that you need this supplement.
Food sources
A pine-bark extract, not an ordinary food. Other polyphenol-rich foods are not sources of this branded extract.
Supplement forms
Pycnogenol is a branded pine-bark extr…
A flavonoid present in onions, apples and other plant foods.
Also called: Quercetin
What it does
A flavonoid present in onions, apples and other plant foods.
How this fits a treatment plan
Quercetin is an educational entry in the antioxidan…
A plant compound found in grape skins and some other foods.
Also called: Resveratrol
What it does
A plant compound found in grape skins and some other foods.
How this fits a treatment plan
Resveratrol is an educational entry in the antioxid…
…d. Symptoms are not evidence that you need this supplement.
Food sources
Usually encountered as an herbal preparation or concentrated extract, rather than a source of an essential nutrient.
Supplement forms
Rhodiola extracts and multi-ingre…
… a GPX variant does not prove a selenium deficiency. Review food, multivitamins, thyroid products and separate supplements together. Taking too much selenium can be harmful.
How supplementation is approached
Dr. Purser connects selenium wit…
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