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IL22 encodes a cytokine that acts on tissues such as epithelial barriers. It can support barrier defense and repair, while its effects depend on the tissue and inflammatory setting.

IL23A encodes the p19 subunit of interleukin-23. Together with the p40 subunit encoded by IL12B, it forms a cytokine involved in supporting Th17 responses.

IL2RA encodes the alpha chain of the interleukin-2 receptor, also called CD25. It is involved in immune activation and regulatory T-cell biology; a soluble receptor measurement is distinct from a DNA result.

IL33 encodes interleukin-33, a signal that can act as an alarmin during tissue stress and promote type 2 immune responses. It belongs in a different functional group from chemokines that recruit cells.

IL4 encodes interleukin-4, a cytokine involved in Th2 immune responses and antibody class switching, including pathways related to IgE. It operates alongside IL-5 and IL-13 rather than representing all allergic biology by itself.

IL5 encodes interleukin-5, a cytokine important to eosinophil growth, survival and activation. Eosinophils are involved in selected allergic and other inflammatory conditions.

IL6R encodes the interleukin-6 receptor. Membrane-bound and soluble receptor pathways help explain why IL-6 biology involves more than the amount of cytokine in a single blood sample.

RAD50 encodes a DNA-repair protein. The surrounding genomic region also contains regulatory elements relevant to the nearby IL4, IL5 and IL13 cluster, so a locus association can concern more than the coding function of one gene.

TGFB1 encodes transforming growth factor beta 1, which has roles in immune regulation, tissue repair and extracellular-matrix production. Its effects can include both regulation of inflammation and promotion of fibrosis.

TNFRSF10A encodes death receptor 4, or DR4, a receptor that can receive the TRAIL signal and participate in regulated cell-death pathways. TRAIL itself is encoded by TNFSF10.

TNFSF10 encodes TRAIL, a signaling protein involved in regulated cell death through particular receptors. It is a different member of the TNF-related signaling family from TNF itself.

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