Let’s explore “Genetics, CMA and blood tests”

SOD3 works outside cells as part of the body’s antioxidant defenses.

TCN2 helps carry vitamin B12 in the body. A gene result alone cannot tell you your B12 status.

TNF encodes tumor necrosis factor, an immune-signaling protein involved in inflammation, host defense and regulation of cell survival. Its name should not be read as proof that a TNF result indicates cancer.

VKORC1 encodes vitamin K epoxide reductase, part of the vitamin K recycling system used in activating clotting proteins. It is not simply a vitamin K receptor.

Separate the gene, variant, measured value and clinical interpretation—and learn which questions to bring to your visit.

Encodes the reduced folate carrier, a protein involved in transporting folates into cells.

ALPL encodes tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase, an enzyme important to bone and tooth mineralization and vitamin B6 metabolism. Persistently low alkaline phosphatase can deserve a different evaluation from a general nutrient deficiency.

CCL11 encodes eotaxin-1, a chemokine best known for attracting eosinophils. Its receptor relationships connect it to allergic inflammation as well as broader research into immune signaling.

CCL2 encodes MCP-1, a chemokine that attracts monocytes toward sites of immune activity. Recruitment is a different task from the cytokines that activate those cells once they arrive.

CCL3 encodes MIP-1 alpha, a chemokine involved in attracting and activating immune cells. It is related to CCL4, or MIP-1 beta, but the two genes and proteins are distinct.

CCL4 encodes MIP-1 beta, a chemokine involved in attracting immune cells. It participates in a recruitment network that includes CCL2, CXCL8 and related chemokines.

CCL5, also called RANTES, is a chemokine that helps direct immune-cell movement. Chemokines tell cells where to go, which is different from measuring the total strength of an immune response.