Explore Th17 and Th22 cells, epithelial barriers, IL-22R1, IL-10R2, and skin, gut, and lung tissues.
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IL-22 helps immune cells communicate with barrier tissues such as the skin, intestines, and lungs. It can suppor…
…e the p19 and p40 subunits, interleukin-23, and the difference between the IL23A gene and the IL23R receptor.
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IL23A encodes the p19 subunit of IL-23. Together with the p40 subunit from IL12B, it forms the IL-23 cy…
Explore interleukin-23 receptor, JAK2, TYK2, STAT3, and related immune signaling.
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IL23R encodes a receptor that receives the IL-23 signal. This pathway helps support Th17 immune cells and their downstream cytokine…
Explore interleukin-2 receptor alpha, regulatory T cells, soluble IL-2 receptor, and T-cell activation.
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IL2RA encodes CD25, the alpha chain of the IL-2 receptor. It helps cells respond to IL-2 and participates in …
Explore epithelial alarmins, the ST2 receptor, ILC2 cells, IL-5, IL-13, and type 2 immunity.
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IL-33 is an alarm signal stored in some barrier cells. Injury or stress can release it, helping alert the immune system …
Explore interleukin-4, Th2 cells, immunoglobulin E (IgE), and allergic and atopic conditions.
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IL-4 helps organize type 2 immune responses and supports antibody switching toward IgE. This makes it relevant to aller…
…lore interleukin-5, eosinophils, type 2 inflammation, genetic terminology, and treatment options.
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IL-5 supports the development, survival, and activity of eosinophils. Eosinophils are important in some allergic an…
Explore sIL2R, sCD25, soluble interleukin-2 receptor, T-cell activation, and sarcoidosis.
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Soluble IL-2 receptor, or sIL2R, is a released part of the CD25 receptor and is also called sCD25. Its level can reflect T-…
Explore transforming growth factor-beta 1, tissue repair, fibrosis, systemic sclerosis, and scarring.
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TGF-beta 1 helps regulate immune activity and tissue repair. It can support wound healing while also contributi…
Explore Toll-like receptor 2, microbial and damage signals, TLR1, TLR6, and MyD88 signaling.
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TLR2 is a pattern-recognition receptor that helps immune cells detect components of microbes and damaged tissue. It ofte…
Explore death receptor 4, TRAIL-R1, TRAIL, apoptosis, and programmed cell death.
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TNFRSF10A encodes death receptor 4, also called DR4 or TRAIL-R1. It receives the TRAIL signal and can help initiate programmed cell …
What if your homocysteine level is telling you more than you realize?
When kidney function declines, homocysteine levels often rise because the kidneys play an important role in its metabolism and clearance. In people with chronic kidney d…
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